King Injo

Injo (1595-1649) was the 16th king of Joseon, who took the throne in 1623 by deposing Gwanghaegun in a coup known as the Injo Restoration. During his reign, tensions with the Later Jin and Qing escalated into two invasions, the Jeongmyo War (1627) and the Byeongja War (1636), ending in his humiliating surrender to the Qing emperor at Samjeondo in 1637. This episode came to symbolize Joseon's difficult position amid the transition of power from the Ming to the Qing.